Name of Regional Directorate: Thiruvananthapuram
Jurisdiction:Kerala & Lakshadweep
Address of Regional Directorate: House No: GV-2 & T.C. No.- 11/808,Nalanda Junction,Nanthencode, Kowdiyar P.O.,Thiruvananthapuram-695003
Name of Regional Director: Dr. S.K. Tehedur Rahaman
Contact details:Ph: 0471-2318497, Fax: 0471-2311673, E-mail: ro.tvm
ncdc.in,
Route map of directorate:
https://www.google.com/maps/place/National+Cooperative+Development+ Corporation/ 8.5128722,76.9486871,17z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x3b05bb24d 753390f:0xc65a289685b9c6ff!8m2!3d8.5128 722!4d76.9508758
Cooperatives in Kerala:
| S. No. | Type of Coops | Working | Defunct | Under Liquidation | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Apex / State Level Cooperatives | 17 | 0 | 0 | 17 |
| 2 | Federal / Regional | 5 | 1 | 0 | 6 |
| 3 | Primary Agri Dev Banks | 75 | 0 | 4 | 79 |
| 4 | Primary Agri Credit Societies (Service Coop: Banks) | 1542 | 34 | 30 | 06 |
| 5 | Farmers Service Coops Societies | 37 | 0 | 0 | 37 |
| 6 | Rural Coop Bank/ Societies | 149 | 8 | 2 | 159 |
| 7 | Agri Improvement CS | 311 | 24 | 0 | 335 |
| 8 | Joint Farming Coop Societies | 29 | 29 | 18 | 76 |
| 9 | Urban Coop: Banks | 163 | 3 | 3 | 169 |
| 10 | Employees Credit Coop: Society | 924 | 153 | 43 | 1196 |
| 11 | Primary Housing Coop: Societies (credit) | 219 | 85 | 22 | 398 |
| 12 | Consumer Cooperatives | 3863 | 655 | 120 | 4638 |
| 13 | Marketing & Processing | 240 | 319 | 63 | 622 |
| 14 | Women Cooperative Society | 931 | 255 | 15 | 1201 |
| 15 | SC Cooperative Societies | 370 | 306 | 51 | 727 |
| 16 | ST Cooperatives | 51 | 41 | 4 | 97 |
| 17 | Labour Contract Cooperatives | 331 | 330 | 41 | 704 |
| 18 | Transport Cooperatives | 46 | 73 | 24 | 143 |
| 19 | Hospital Cooperatives | 104 | 71 | 27 | 202 |
| 20 | Educational Cooperatives | 86 | 46 | 4 | 136 |
| 21 | Other Type of Cooperatives | 2427 | 717 | 146 | 3290 |
| 22 | Coir Cooperatives | 792 | 202 | 196 | 1190 |
| 23 | Handloom Cooperatives | 458 | 0 | 16 | 474 |
| 24 | Dairy Cooperatives | 2919 | 248 | 3267 | |
| 25 | Industrial Cooperatives | 430 | 430 | ||
| 26 | Fisheries Cooperatives | 651 | 651 | ||
| Grand Total | 17244 | 3700 | 829 | 21773 |
Implementation of NCDC Programmes:
Financial support by NCDC:
Up to 31.03.2020, NCDC has provided total disbursement of Rs. 8302.587 crore benefitting various cooperative projects/units as follows:
| S. No. | Scheme/Activity | Cumulative Disbursement as on 31-03-2020 (Rs. in crore) |
| 1 | Marketing & Inputs | 165.494 |
| 2 | ICDP in selected States | 224.04 |
| 3 | Sugar Factories, by-product etc. | 1.560 |
| 4 | Ginning & Pressing and Spinning | 215.99 |
| 5 | Other Processing | 146.89 |
| 6 | Storage | 33.94 |
| 7 | Consumer Cooperatives | 132.94 |
| 8 | Weaker Section Cooperatives | 635.99 |
| 9 | Service Cooperatives | 6559.30 |
| 10 | Assistance for Computerization | 9.74 |
| 11 | Prom. & Development Role | 26.36 |
| 12 | Others (Debt Swapping) | 150.14 |
| Grand Total | 8302.59 |
Sector wise cumulative disbursements & Cumulative disbursement as on 31-03-2020 (Rs in crore)
Achievements during last 6 years (Up to 31.03.2020)
| Year |
Assistance(Rs. in crore) |
Disbursements | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Number | Amount | ||
| 2014-15 | 67 | 907.05 | 555.09 |
| 2015-16 | 54 | 386.44 | 280.25 |
| 2016-17 | 45 | 603.74 | 462.79 |
| 2017-18 | 54 | 1526.89 | 928.94 |
| 2018-19 | 20 | 367.54 | 273.62 |
| 2019-20 | 27 | 450.73 | 363.89 |
Highlights of the programmes assisted and other relevant achievements/ issues during the last 6 years (2014-15 to 2019-20):
- During the last 6 years, NCDC sanctioned 4 Integrated Fisheries Development Project with a total outlay of Rs.145.16 crore. Two projects have been completed and two project is in advance stage of implementation.
- During 2017-18, NCDC has sanctioned Rs 200 crore for integrated coir development project for comprehensive revamping of coir sector, which support coconut farmers and coir workers. Predominantly, a traditional cottage industry, coir sector in Kerala plays a crucial role in the social, cultural and economic development of the State.
- Sanctioned two new ICDPs in the Districts of Palakkad and Thrissur at a total block cost of Rs 141.95 crore.
- During the last 6 years, NCDC has provided short term Working Capital assistance to the tune of Rs.3547.00 crore, under its Direct Funding scheme
- Sanctioned Rs 92.33 crore for 7 Hospital projects.
- Taken up 2 tourism projects with a total financial commitment of Rs 6.52 crore.
- Two Education Cooperatives have become beneficiaries of NCDC scheme, as Rs 12.54 crore was sanctioned.
- 3 labour cooperatives have received Rs.100.72 crore under NCDC scheme.
- During 2017-18, NCDC has sanctioned Rs 200 crore for integrated coir development project for comprehensive revamping of coir sector, which support coconut farmers and coir workers. Project covers a value chain of the coir activities covering four key segments; i.e. (i) Coir fibre; (ii) Coir yarn; (iii) Coir products; and (iv) other Coir by-products. As on 31-3-2019, around 100 units have been set up.
- NCDC has sanctioned Rs 8.92 cr for three agro processing units (one rice mill and 2 coconut oil units) during the last 5 years. Implementation of these units are in progress.
- Sanctioned a total amount of Rs.170.41 crore to State Govt. for enabling 5 Spinning Mills to take up modernization-cum-expansion and one new powerloom unit. All these projects are in advance stage of implementation.
- 58 Primary Credit Cooperatives have been sanctioned financial assistance of Rs.34.235 crore for construction of modern banking and office infrastructures.
- Sanctioned Rs.14 crore for construction of college infrastructure by two Educational Cooperative Societies.
New Initiatives in the Region during Year F.Y. 2019-20:
- Old Age Home: RO, Thiruvananthapuram explored the possibility of good working Societies for taking up Old-age homes / Pay-homes. The societies have been given necessary guidance for formulating proposal under Direct Funding.
- Cold-Chain: Fruits & vegetable cultivation is prevalent only in some areas/pockets of the States. After several rounds of discussions with the State Govt., Federations, good working Primary coops, regarding Cold-Chain Scheme, the State Govt. is seriously thinking of roping in some Cooperative societies for bridging the farmer-consumer gap by availing the benefit of Cold-chain scheme.
- Encouraging societies to take up diversified activities in service sector like, healthcare, hospitality, education etc.
Initiatives for development of Aspirational Districts(identified by NITI Aayog) through Cooperatives:
Since Wayanad is the Aspirational district selected in Kerala by NITI AYOG, NCDC is focusing on these districts for promoting cooperative ventures. NCDC had earlier given financial support to cooperatives in the district under the Integrated Cooperative Development Project (ICDP) investing around Rs.3.10 crore under Phase-1 of ICDP (during Feb1988 to March 1996) and Rs.9.93 crore under Phas-2 (during Jan 2009 to March 2013). Under ICDP, almost all primary cooperatives have created their basic infrastructure, which gave a face-lift to the facilities.
Societies have been encouraged to go in for diversification in healthcare, hospitality and other service oriented activities. Accordingly, NCDC sanctioned Rs 6.24 crore for setting up a resort complex by one society viz. Wayanad District Government Contractors Co-operative Society Ltd.
Development Opportunities in the State through Cooperatives:
- Creation of modern infrastructure facilities to Primary coops
- Working Capital loan to Credit Cooperatives
- Strengthening hospital cooperatives with modern healthcare infrastructures
- Promoting cooperatives to take up projects in hospitality sector, which has good scope in Kerala.
Success Stories:
The Uralungal Labour Contract Co-operative Society Ltd.(ULCCS) Vatakara, Kozhikkode.
ULCCS was formed in 1925 by the eminent social reformer Sri Guru Vagbhatananda in a remote hamlet called Uralungal near Vatakara in Kozhikode District of Kerala, as a novel mass movement against the anarchies of the caste system prevalent in those days. Today it is the biggest ‘Labour Contract Society’ in the country, is democratically managed and has 1825 workers as members and provides employment to around 6000 in the rural areas.
Considering the meritorious service performance of the Society, the Government of Kerala appointed ULCCS as an Accredited Agency in the following for execution of Govt’s sponsored projects like civil construction work for development of roads, bridges, buildings and allied infrastructure. Major clients of the Society include National Highways Department, Public Works Department of Govt. of Kerala and other state government ministries and a host of reputed private enterprises. The Society has completed over 7561 major projects and is currently implementing over 626 projects worth more than Rs.5000 crores. The Society has a paid-up share capital of Rs 94.73 crore and a net worth of over Rs.200 crore. During the last 6 years the turnover has increased from Rs.141.15 crore in 2011-12 to Rs.792 crore in 2017-18.
NCDC has provided financial assistance Rs.150.70 crore for stone crushing unit (Rs 14.40 cr), machinery & equipments (Rs 6.30cr) and margin money (Rs 130.00 cr) through State Government.
Social commitment: Conducts Civil Service Foundation Class for around 150 students in a batch; Vocational Training and Rehabilitation Centre for Intellectually Challenged Adults, a programme of ULCCS Foundation; Geriatric care at a safe and well-equipped facility center and medical and palliative care for the terminally ill.
HighTech Weaving Mill constructed by ULCCS
Kandapamchal Bridge constructed by ULCCS
Cyber Park promoted by ULCCS
Recognitions
- National Level: NCDC Cooperative Excellence Award 2008 and National Award for the “Best Labour Co-operative Society in India” by the National Labour Co-operative Federation of India Ltd. and National Cooperative Union of India.
- International level: United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) made a documentary on the ULCCS unique model and International Co-operative Alliance (ICA) has shown its appreciation by making ULCCS the only Indian primary co-operative to have membership in their sectoral organisation CICOPA.
- Future Kerala Brand Award 2017-18 (GOK): Labour Power Brand in Kerala
Diversification:
- Created history by developing UL Cyberpark, the world’s first IT park developed by a labour contract cooperative society which has triggered the transformation of Kozhikode into an IT hub.
- UL Technology Solutions is a fast growing IT solutions provider for leading public and private enterprises. Setup in 2011 with four professionals, it now has a turnover of close to Rs 25 crores and employs over 150 professionals.
- Sargaalaya is a Centre for artisans and craftsmen to display their craft and sale of finished goods. It is promoted by Department of Tourism, Government of Kerala and managed by ULCC. In 2016 it won the award for best rural tourism destination from Government of India.
- ULCCS also has taken up organic farming:
ULCCS success is attributed to - Team spirit and transparent & dynamic decision making; ability to ascertain their customers requirements; financial discipline & consistent tracking of business finances; management’s close involvement with projects; ability to adapt & embraced technology and continuously upgrades the machinery and equipment used for construction works.
Road construction in progress
Road Already constructed
Engineering college constructed by Uralungal LCCS
Calicut City Service Cooperative Bank Ltd., Kozhikode, Kerala
Registered in 2002 as a Primary Agriculture Credit Cooperative Society, the Bank has total membership of 1.13 lakh, of which around 50% are women members. It has deposits of over Rs.1000 crore, a paid-up share capital of Rs.17.45 crore and a networth of Rs.55 crore, as on 31-3-2018. Bank has 25 Branches in Calicut Corporation Area & a mobile branch.
It has received ISO 9001- 2008 certification for quality. The Bank is a member to Deposit Insurance & Credit Guarantee Corporation & and all the properties, Cash & Gold where properly insured. Bank provides personal accident Insurance of Rs. 1 lakh to the depositors under City Star Savings account. Bank introduced a new deposit scheme combined with MVR cancer Research institute where a depositor who invests Rs.10000/- in the bank under “City Care deposit” scheme will get free medical treatment up to Rs. 5 lakh at MVR Cancer Research institute. Bank hasprovided Self Help Group Loans (SHG Loans) to self help groups for the purpose of farming & allied activities. Bank has a ‘city dialysis center’, a ‘mobile ICU’ and a ‘Cancer Research center’ established under aegis of the Bank, a social commitment of the bank.
To empower woman, the bank conducts a free 7 day certified training campaign on embroidery, hand designs, fabric painting, mural painting, jewel making, glass painting etc.,
concessional bike loan scheme, and a concessional loan for a group of three ladies to start any new small business units. The financial assistance was given to more than 6000 women.
Other social initiatives include supply of 5000 packets of butter milk per day to the pedestrians free of cost, “City Midday Meal Scheme“ for 100 poor & needy people every day. NCDC has provided financial assistance Rs.120 crore as ST working capital under Direct Funding.
Dialysis Centre run by Calicut City SCB
Kozhikode District Co-Op Hospital Ltd, Eranhippalam, Kozhikode
The Kozikode District Cooperative Hospital Ltd. is one of the successfully run hospital in the Cooperative Sector. Registered in 1972, the Society started the hospital initially in a rented building and owns a complex with a total built up area of around 1 lakh sq ft in 2 acres of land. As of 31.03.2018, the society has a total membership strength of 5798 with a paid up share capital of Rs.14.40 crore and networth of Rs.29.30 crore. The Society has as a turnover of Rs.44.84 crore and has consistently getting “A” audit classification.
The numbers of patients treated in 2017-18 was 1,81,680 (1,71,531 Out-Patient and 10149 In-Patient). It is a Super Specialty hospital with 5 permanent Doctors and 45 Visiting Doctors and 250 qualified para-medical and 53 Administrative and other supporting. The Hospital offers total hip, knee and joint replacements, facilities like Endoscopy, Echocardiography, C-Arm, Arthroscopic Surgery, Dialysis Unit, Mobile ICU Ambulance, 24 hours Accident Care, diagnostic services etc. at reasonable cost.
Hospital runs a Neethi Medical Store which sell medicine at 10-15 % lower than MRP and also a Blood Bank and services are offered at very reasonable level affordable to poor patients. Hospital gives preferred attention to poor patients and does not charge rent in General Ward and in genuine cases, discount upto 25% is given for other services.
Under the Share linked treatment plan, members of the Society receive medical coverage and concession is proportionate to the share amount invested with the society. The hospital provides service at a call to the nearby patients. Cashless treatment is offered to patients under Karunya Benovelant Fund, Govt. of Kerala and other charity schemes. Free Camps for traffic security awareness, detection and prevention of breast cancer, eye camp, dental services are held regularly.
NCDC has sanctioned Rs.15.88 cr as term loan for expansion and modernization of hospital.
Kozhikode Dist Coop Hospital complex
Consultation
Operation Theatre
Surgical Section
Kerala State Co-operative Federation for Fisheries Development Ltd (MATSYAFED).
MATSYAFED, the Kerala State Co-operative Federation for Fisheries Development Ltd., was registered on 19th March 1984 as an Apex Federation of primary fishermen development & welfare cooperative societies in the coastal fishery sector and set up under a two-tier structure, with the objective of ensuring the economic and social development of the fishermen community by implementing various schemes aimed at promoting the production, procurement, processing and marketing of fish and fish products. Matsyafed has:
- 651 Primary Cooperatives ( 337 Marine, 193 Inland & 121 Vanitha)
- 4,56,227 Fishermen are associated with Primary Societies
- 41,191 member participation in Auction
- 1,80,723 SHG members are involved in Matsyafed activities
- Availing financial supports from NCDC, NBCFDC & NMDFC
- Running Major 10 Commercial Units, 10 Aqua Units, 10 District Offices, 30 Fish Marts, 12 Kerosene Bunks, 9 Diesel Bunks, 13 Vyasa Stores , 9 OBM Workshops (103 units)
- Has 892 Employees ( Reg-333, Con-222, DW-200, PR-57 & Motivator-80)
- 7 Major divisions having Division Heads, managed by GM & MD
Projects implemented by MATSYAFED with NCDC’s assistance:
| S.N. | Project | Year of Implementation | Project outlay | Assistance Sanctioned | Assistance Released | Balance | Project Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | IFDP-I* | 85-91 | 555.840 | 431.700 | 431.700 | Completed | |
| 2 | IFDP-II | 87-94 | 1034.280 | 911.450 | 911.450 | Completed | |
| 3 | IFDP-III | 91-97 | 4228.680 | 4056.480 | 3611.420 | Completed | |
| 4 | IFDP-Inland | 98-00 | 636.370 | 564.270 | 564.270 | Completed | |
| 5 | (Fish Marketing Centre (FMC) | 99-02 | 339.000 | 312.300 | 312.300 | Completed | |
| 6 | IFDP:98-99 | 98-99 | 1989.750 | 1713.600 | 1713.600 | Completed | |
| 7 | IFDP:99-00 | 99-00 | 1690.000 | 1526.000 | 1475.600 | Completed | |
| 8 | IFDP:00-01 | 00-01 | 1613.850 | 1391.800 | 1357.150 | Completed | |
| 9 | IFDP:01-02 | 3-Feb | 2702.500 | 2462.750 | 2462.750 | Completed | |
| 10 | IFDP:03-05 | 6-Mar | 2458.000 | 2166.000 | 2166.000 | Completed | |
| 11 | IFDP:06-07 | 8-Jul | 1504.500 | 1348.550 | 1333.550 | Completed | |
| 12 | IFDP:07-08 | 10-Sep | 3402.000 | 2934.600 | 2858.100 | Completed | |
| 13 | IFDP:10-11 | 11-Oct | 3550.200 | 3234.500 | 3234.500 | Completed | |
| 14 | IFDP:11-12 | 13-Dec | 3153.820 | 2763.020 | 2763.020 | Completed | |
| 15 | IFDP:12-13 | 13-14 | 3134.000 | 2731.100 | 2731.100 | Completed | |
| 16 | IFDP:13-14 | 14-15 | 3468.000 | 3047.000 | 3047.000 | Completed | |
| 17 | IFDP:14-15 | 15-16 | 4242.660 | 3715.900 | 3637.705 | 78.195 | Completed |
| 18 | IFDP:15-16 | 17-18 | 4889.660 | 4211.000 | 3662.705 | 548.295 | Completed |
| 19 | IFDP:17-18 | 18-19 | 3568.690 | 3122.590 | 2737.160 | 385.430 | Ongoingssss |
| 20 | Special Support Scheme | 19-20 | 3466.660 | 3000.000 | 0.000 | 3000.000 | Ongoing |
| Total | 51628.460 | 45644.610 | 40999.120 | 4011.920 | Ongoing |
IFDP*- Integrated Fisheries Development Project
The mission for organizing a Cooperative set up in traditional fisheries sector was to improve the per capita income of producer fishermen and their families through intervention in Credit, Technology up-gradation, Marketing support and Capacity building and to improve their standard of living and to bring them into the main stream of the society. There are 666 Fishermen Development and Welfare Co-operative Societies in Marine, Inland and Women fisheries sector, now affiliated to Matsyafed.
From the Sea for beach level auction
A pilot project of Integrated Fisheries Development Project (IFDP) - Phase I in 1984 with financial assistance of Rs 5.50 crore from National Cooperative Development Corporation (NCDC) initiated in three districts was a great success. The 13 Integrated Fisheries Development projects that followed has been implemented in last 28 years focusing on an integrated approach for development of the traditional fisheries sector linking credit and input requirements for production to marketing activities coupled with capacity building, infrastructural development and managerial support.
The Federation/primaries intervention in beach level fish auction has reduced the influence of middlemen and offered 70% (in comparison to 30% in 1980s) of the consumer price to the fishermen. A savings system was also introduced along with the auction which was given back as the production bonus during festival season. The auction system has also streamlined the loan recovery mechanism of the primary societies.
Fresh fish sale point
The initial focus of the Federation was to look into the fishing activities and to support fishermen by providing fishing input and thereby improve their income. But it is also important to improve the income of the family so that better financial stability is gained by the fishermen family. In this context, the Federation has initiated formation of the Self Help Groups (SHGs) among fishermen family members and encouraged to start micro-enterprises. For supporting the micro-finance, Matsyafed could avail credit facilities from NBCFDC and NMDFC at 6% rate of interest per annum. Matsyafed could also provide interest free loans to fisherwomen vendors with support of the State Government. In the last seven years, Matsayfed could organise 14715 Self Help Groups with a total membership of 1,93,954 and provided loan of about Rs. 256.73 crore as micro credit.
In order to develop as a vibrant organization an effective campaign was organized in the initial years of formation of the Federation. Extensive mass contact programs and awareness programs were conducted in fishing villages and continuous interaction on one to one basis with fishermen groups were organized so that the group dynamics could be maintained and successful group activity has emerged. There is an Extension and Mass communication Division in the Federation to look after the effective capacity building process at different levels.
Commercial & Welfare activities undertaken by MATSYAFED.
Nylon Net factory of Matsyafed
Fish Processing unit of Matsyafed
- Matsyafed has two Fish Net Factories at Cochin and Kannur with an installed capacity of 1100 Tons per annum. It has a market share of about 30% of the State requirement and focus in given to the traditional sector webbings. The factory is equipped with latest technology net making machines and processing machine which ensure the best quality fishnet to fishermen. Other fishing accessories like Ropes, Floats, Twine etc. is being traded through these units.
- Matsyafed Ice and Freezing Plant having a freezing capacity of 22.5 Tons per day with a storage capacity of 600 Tons. It mainly focuses on the processing of Tuna and export different fish products to different countries. It export mostly tuna in frozen condition to different countries like Thailand, China, Iran, Turkey, France, Spain, Oman, Dubai, Tunisia, Algeria, Sri Lanka, etc. The plant has a special facility called tuna terminal to export high value tuna products to developed markets.
- Matsyafed OBM Division import Out Board Motors mainly Suzuki Motors from Japan and sell it directly to fishermen through Vyasa Stores. It has about 13 workshops in different part of Kerala to take care of the repair and service of the engines. It also deals with different electronic items like Eco Sounder, VHF Radios, Insulated Boxes, Crates, etc.
- Matsyafed Chitin and Chitosan Plant produce different grades of Chitin and Chitosan from the prawn shell waste. The plant has a capacity of 60 Tons Chitin per annum. It is already marketing anti fat formula called Chitone which is used for reduction in weight and good against Fat and Cholesterol. Matsyafed has two Fish Manure Plants at Azheekode, Thrissur District and Calicut. It has a manufacturing capacity of 10000 Tons of fish manure per annum.
- The Commercial Division has 6 Diesel Bunks in different parts of the State and have 12 Vyasa Stores to sell fuel/ oil as well as all type of fishing equipments.
- Hatcheries and Farms: Running four Prawn Hatcheries with production capacity of 120 million prawn/shrimp seeds at Thirumullavaram (Kollam), Kaipamangalam (Thrissur), Veliyamcode (Malappuram) and Moplabay (Kannur). Three fish farms for commercial production of fish and prawns at Njarakkal, Malippuram (Ernakulam District) and Palaikkari (Kottayam District).
- Mini Aqua Tourism: A unique venture in the state where boating, angling, rowing and other entertainments are provided to the tourists in all farms owned by Matsyafed at Njarakal & Malippuram farms in Ernakulam district and Palaikkari in Kottayam district.
- Public Aquarium: Matsyafed is running a Public Aquarium and Reseach Centre at Thenmala, Kollam. Another one is functioning at Kottayam in collaboration with Kottayam Municipality.
- Fishermen Personal Accident Insurance Scheme: The scheme provides compensation of Rs. 5 Lakh to the dependents of fishermen who die in accidents. If the accident leads to disability, compensation is provided as the gravity of losses.
- Matsyafed Input Security Scheme (MISS): Compensating the loss due to accidents and natural calamities sustained to the fishing implements distributed under Matsyafed schemes.
- Vanitha Bus: Matsyafed is operating special bus service for the journey of fisherwomen vendors from the landing centres to the market places and back, at nominal rates in Trivandrum & Ernakulam Districts.